Climate change has profound implications for vulnerable communities in low- and middle-income countries like Bangladesh. Facing irreversible losses and damages, households with limited resources and weak social safety nets, are compelled to undertake distress migration, often becoming victims of modern slavery. Focusing on two climate-vulnerable regions in Bangladesh — Pirojpur and Sylhet — this paper examines the links between climate change, migration and vulnerability to modern slavery. It outlines actionable measures to enhance community resilience in areas of origin, establish safe and equitable migration pathways, and ensure stronger enforcement of migrants’ rights.